Acute Hepatic Failure, also known as Acute Liver Failure, is a serious medical condition characterized by the sudden and rapid deterioration of liver function. It occurs when the liver fails to perform its vital functions, such as detoxification, metabolism, and production of essential proteins, in a sudden and severe manner.
In this condition, the liver's ability to remove toxins from the blood, regulate blood clotting factors, and synthesize important substances, like bile and albumin, becomes impaired. This usually leads to a buildup of toxins and waste products in the blood and an imbalance of various metabolic processes in the body.
The most common causes of acute hepatic failure include acute viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, alcohol abuse, autoimmune hepatitis, and metabolic disorders. Other factors, such as exposure to certain medications, toxins, or infections, may also contribute to its development.
Symptoms of acute hepatic failure may vary, but often include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), severe fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and in severe cases, coma or even death. Early diagnosis and prompt medical intervention are crucial in managing this condition.
Treatment for acute hepatic failure may involve addressing the underlying cause, supportive care to maintain vital functions, and potentially a liver transplant in cases of irreparable liver damage. Prognosis varies depending on the cause, severity of liver dysfunction, and effectiveness of treatment.
