COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX Meaning and
Definition
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The Complement Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) is a crucial component of the immune system's defense against pathogens. It is a multisubunit protein structure that forms on the surface of target cells and aids in their destruction.
The MAC is formed through a series of sequential events known as the complement cascade, which is part of the innate immune response. The complement cascade is triggered by the recognition and binding of foreign particles or microorganisms by specific complement proteins. This initiates a chain reaction where a series of complement proteins are sequentially activated, culminating in the formation of the MAC.
The MAC is composed of several complement proteins, including C5b, C6, C7, C8, and multiple molecules of C9. These proteins assemble on the target cell surface to form a pore-like structure that disrupts the cell membrane integrity. This allows for the unrestricted influx and efflux of ions and small molecules, leading to cell lysis and death.
The MAC plays a critical role in defending against infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and other invading microorganisms. It aids in the removal of these pathogens by directly lysing their cell membranes. In addition to its role in pathogen destruction, the MAC also contributes to various pathological conditions when dysregulated, such as autoimmune diseases and tissue damage.
Understanding the mechanisms and functions of the MAC is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing or controlling its activity.
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