The Constitution of Belgium refers to the fundamental law of the Kingdom of Belgium, which governs and outlines the structure, powers, and relationships of its institutions and citizens. Adopted on February 7, 1831, it has been revised several times to accommodate various changes and developments in Belgian society.
The constitution establishes Belgium as a federal, parliamentary, and democratic monarchy, consisting of three levels of government: federal, regional, and community. It defines the roles and responsibilities of the King as the head of state, a bicameral parliament comprising the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate, and an independent judiciary.
Furthermore, the constitution guarantees certain fundamental rights and freedoms to the citizens of Belgium. These include the rights to life, liberty, and security, freedom of expression, religion, and association, as well as the protection against discrimination. It also enshrines principles such as the separation of powers and the rule of law.
The Constitution of Belgium is considered one of the oldest and most enduring in Europe, embodying the values and principles of democratic governance. Amendments to the constitution require a special majority in parliament and usually entail societal consensus and consultation. It stands as a safeguard against the abuse of power and provides a framework for the functioning of the Belgian state.
