Coopernails sign, also known as clubbing or digital clubbing, refers to a physical manifestation characterized by the abnormal shape and texture of the nails, typically associated with underlying medical conditions or diseases. It is named after Dr. Hippolyte Marie and Dr. Robert James Coopernail, who extensively studied and described this clinical sign.
Coopernails sign is primarily identified by the enlargement of the nail bed, resulting in a rounded appearance and loss of the angle between the nail plate and the cuticle. Additional features include the softening of the nail bed, accompanied by a spongy or floating sensation when applying pressure to the fingertips. The nails may appear to angle downward towards the fingertips, also known as "Lovibond’s angle reversal." The growth rate of the nails might also increase.
Coopernails sign is often associated with various underlying medical conditions, such as respiratory diseases (like lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, or cystic fibrosis), cardiovascular disorders (like congenital heart disease or infective endocarditis), gastrointestinal disorders (such as Crohn's disease or cirrhosis), autoimmune diseases (like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus), and some infectious diseases (such as tuberculosis or HIV). It can also be an indicator of certain malignancies or inherited conditions.
Diagnosis of Coopernails sign usually involves a thorough physical examination, medical history review, and further investigations to identify the underlying cause. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying condition or disease that is causing the clubbing, and symptomatic relief may be offered if necessary.
