Tricuspid valve atresia is a rare congenital heart condition characterized by the complete absence or severe deformation of the tricuspid valve, which is one of the four valves in the heart responsible for regulating blood flow. This condition occurs during fetal development when the tricuspid valve fails to form properly.
The tricuspid valve usually separates the right atrium and right ventricle, allowing blood to flow from the former to the latter during the heart's pumping cycle. In tricuspid valve atresia, this valve does not develop, resulting in a blockage of blood flow between these two chambers. As a consequence, the right side of the heart does not receive an adequate supply of oxygenated blood, and oxygen-poor blood from the body cannot be efficiently pumped into the lungs.
Symptoms of tricuspid valve atresia can vary depending on the severity of the defect and whether other heart anomalies accompany it. Newborns may experience cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin) due to insufficient oxygen supply, poor feeding, rapid breathing, and slow growth.
Treatment for tricuspid valve atresia typically involves a combination of surgeries and medication. In some cases, a temporary procedure called atrial septostomy may be performed soon after birth to improve circulation and relieve cyanosis. Multiple surgeries may then be required to reconstruct the heart and reroute blood flow. Medications are often prescribed to manage symptoms and support heart function.
Long-term outlook and prognosis for individuals with tricuspid valve atresia can vary depending on the specific anatomy of their heart and the presence of other defects. With timely and appropriate medical intervention, many individuals with this condition can lead fulfilling lives.
