Interferon gamma Inducing Factor (IGIF), also known as Interleukin-18 (IL-18), is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses within the body. It is produced by a wide range of cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells in response to inflammatory signals.
Characterized as a proinflammatory cytokine, IGIF plays a significant role in the stimulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. It acts by promoting the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a pivotal cytokine involved in various immune functions. Additionally, IGIF enhances the activation and proliferation of T cells, leading to the increased production of other proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2).
The biological effects of IGIF/IL-18 are mediated through its binding to its receptor, IL-18R, which is expressed on various immune cells. Upon binding, the receptor triggers downstream signaling events that result in the activation of multiple transcription factors, leading to the expression of genes involved in immune regulation.
However, excessive production of IGIF/IL-18 can lead to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and inflammatory bowel disease. Hence, the proper regulation of IGIF/IL-18 is essential for maintaining immune balance and preventing immune-related pathologies.
Overall, IGIF/IL-18 is a key cytokine involved in the initiation and regulation of immune responses, ultimately contributing to the body's defense against pathogens and the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
